Vaccine Development against Coronavirus (2003 to present)

Highlights

This review summarizes the literature prior-art (2003 to present) about the type of corona vaccine, antigen & immunogenic response.
In this review, we discuss possible target sites for designing vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
The current research scenario and potential factors affecting the development of the COVID-19 vaccine are evaluated in detail.
Various opportunities & challenges are pointed out which are needed for the rapid development of vaccines.

Background and aim:

The pandemic COVID-19 occurring due to novel emerging coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-
2) is severely affecting the worldwide public health, culture, economy, and human social behavior.
To date, there is no approved medicine/treatment to cure COVID-19, whereas, vaccine development
efforts are going on high priority. This review aimed to provide an overview of the prior art, recent advances,
vaccine designing strategies, current scenario, opportunities, and challenges related to the development of
coronavirus vaccine.

Method:

A literature survey was conducted using Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar with the search
key as coronavirus vaccine, SARS vaccine, MERS vaccine, and COVID-19 vaccine. Articles related to the above
search query were retrieved, sorted, analyzed, and developed into an easy-to-understand review.

Results:

The genome phylogenetic analysis suggested that the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is almost
80% similar to that of SARS-CoV, further both these viruses bind to the same host cell receptor ACE-2. Hence
it is expected that previously available literature data about coronavirus vaccine designing may play
a crucial role in the development of a rapid vaccine against COVID-19. In view of this, the present review discusses
(i) existing information (from 2003 to present) about the type of vaccine, antigen, immunogenic
the response, animal model, route of administration, adjuvants, and current scenario for designing of coronavirus
vaccine
(ii) potential factors and challenges related to the rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine.